An Observational Study Design That Could Be Appropriately...

An observational study design that could be appropriately used by an APN to study the above research question is a cross sectional study design. Important questions to make this study applicable, is it appropriate; is the characteristics between prevalent and incident cases a factor; have other explanations been ruled out? According to Curley Vitale (2012), the cross-sectional study determines the exposure and outcomes at the same time. It provides a â€Å"snap shot† at one point in time. The information obtained was about the relationship of Tuberculosis and the White Ethnic group of males during a single point in time, 1993 and 2011. Cross sectional studies are applicable for screening the hypothesis due to the fact they require a small time frame and minimal resources to manag e. Cross sectional study design has been utilized to comprehend the prevalence of diseases, treatments, services and outcomes. Cross-sectional study strengths contain surveys that are inexpensive and takes a shorter time to complete, and can provide descriptive data about the population of people involved in the study. The study can be useful for assessing risk factor prevalence rate, a means to compare groups, has the ability to study fatal diseases within a smaller population, and can study multiple exposures (Curley Vitale, 2012). Cross-sectional weaknesses are unable to measure or determine exposures exactly because the outcome and exposure is done simultaneously. There can be bias of variableShow MoreRelated_x000C_Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis355457 Words   |  1422 PagesPrinter: Courier Corporation/Kendallville  © 2008, 2005 Duxbury, an imprint of Thomson Brooks/Cole, a part of The Thomson Corporation. Thomson, the Star logo, and Brooks/Cole are trademarks used herein under license. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work covered by the copyright hereon may be reproduced or used in any form or by any means—graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping, Web distribution, information storage and retrieval systems, or in any other manner—without

The National Department Of Homeland Security - 1386 Words

The events of September 11th, 2001 forever changed the organizational make-up of Emergency Management. Prior to 9/11, FEMA was the premier organization in the United States that dealt with any sort of disaster management. While FEMA was not without its own particular struggles early on, it had grown into an effective program; often emulated by other Governments for its effectiveness. As the primary Emergency Management function for the United States it was afforded a cabinet level position; thus allowing direct access to the President (Haddow, Bullock, Coppola, 2011). Functioning as its own entity, FEMA was also able to spend its money as they saw fit, develop its own hierarchy, and most importantly; decide which natural disasters/emergencies to focus a majority of their resources on. Unfortunately for FEMA all of that was lost with the creation of The Department of Homeland Security (DHS). According to (Haddow, Bullock, Coppola, 2011), â€Å"In the aftermath of September 11 , 2001, when the Department of Homeland Security was established and FEMA lost its status as an independent agency, emergency management became a minor player† (p. 343). The shift from a focus on natural disasters, to a focus on terrorism has been detrimental for FEMA. First and foremost, FEMA lost its cabinet position and the direct line to the President that it was afforded. While funding was accelerated to DHS in quantities never before seen in emergency management, FEMA, being a subordinate ofShow MoreRelatedThe Department Of Homeland Security Supplies A National Protection Plan1528 Words   |  7 PagesThe Department of Homeland Security supplies a national protection plan concerning critical infrastructure security. This plan targets a wide audience, including public and private critical infrastructure owners and administrators. Managing risks through identifying, deterring, and disrupting threats to critical infrastructure is the direct focus of this plan. The abili ty of an organization to reduce the impact of a threat that has occurred and reducing the impact of one that may occur is essentialRead MoreOverview of the US Department of Homeland Security925 Words   |  4 PagesDepartment of Homeland Security: The U.S. Department of Homeland Security was formed more than a decade ago with a very significant mission of safeguarding Americas homeland from hazards, threats, and national disasters. This department conducts its mission through securing the countrys borders, preventing terror attacks, and responding to incidents or threats to its citizens (Miller, n.d.). Generally, the most important roles of the Department of Homeland Security are to lead a concerted nationalRead MoreThe Department Of Homeland Security1602 Words   |  7 PagesThe Department of Homeland Security The Department of Homeland Security is an agency made up of 22 different federal agencies which were combined in an effort to streamline the United States effectiveness in defending our nation. The core mission of the Department of Homeland Security include prevent terrorism and enhancing security, secure and manage our borders, enforce and administer our immigration laws, safeguard and secure cyberspace, ensure resilience to disasters (Department of Homeland SecurityRead MoreRoles Of Law Enforcement And Intelligence1503 Words   |  7 PagesUnited States. The attacks on the United States on September 11, 2001 have changed the way in which both law enforcement and intelligence in the United States is organized. September 11 has encouraged a change in organization in both local police departments, as well as within intelligence agencies. There have also been changes in how information is shared among local law enforcement agencies, as well as how it is shared with intelligence agenc ies, and how certain intelligence agencies share informationRead MoreNational Intelligence Advise1018 Words   |  4 PagesINTELLIGENCE AT HOMELAND SECURITY DEPARTMENT Mr. President, The report of the Strategies to improve the Department of Homeland Security, United States has been presented to President of the United States of America by Director of National Intelligence, in accordance with Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act (IRTPA) of 2004 (Office of the Director of National Intelligence 2012). This report reflects the important steps that can be taken to improve the intelligence of Department of HomelandRead MoreU.s. National Security Strategies And Policies1231 Words   |  5 PagesFor this progress assignment I would like to describe homeland security as it is defined in the various U.S. national security strategies and policies. In addition I would like to speak to the difference between Homeland Security and Homeland Defense to include mission areas, task, operational responsibilities, and coordinating efforts. Homeland Security The establishment of the Department of Homeland security is, undoubtedly, a result of the lessons learned and identification of the need to protectRead MorePreventing Terrorism Through Providing Nuclear Security1501 Words   |  7 PagesProviding Nuclear Security The Department of Homeland Security was initiated as a result of the worst terrorist attack in United States history, September 11th, 2001, with the purpose of providing protection for the American people from a wide variety of terrorist threats. On March 24th and 25th, 2014, President Barack Obama along with 52 other world leaders travelled to The Hague, Netherlands for the 2014 Nuclear Security Summit. While there the President stated in the U.S. National Progress ReportRead MoreThe Role Of Homeland Security From The United States Constitution1398 Words   |  6 PagesThe role of Homeland Security originated from the Founding Fathers, under the United States Constitution, that created a system and gave the primary role of homeland security to state and local governments (Oliver, 2007). When state and local governments became overwhelmed and could no longer effectively deal with a crisis then homeland security government would assist those governments (Oliver, 2007). The relatio nship was created through the United States Constitution in Article 4, Section 4, whichRead MoreThe Department Of Homeland Security Made Us Safer1433 Words   |  6 Pages Has the Department of Homeland Security Made Us Safer? As one of the greatest power houses in the world, the United States has attempted to keep warfare on foreign soil rather than stateside. Doing so was a lot easier when war was fought between two different countries, but nowadays, the main source of conflict around the world comes from small bands of people who reside, not in one country or place, but spread throughout the world. Traditionally military servicemen would wear some type of camouflageRead MoreRelationship Between Homeland Security And Homeland Defense1261 Words   |  6 Pageslearned that vigilance and protection are not ends in and of themselves, but rather necessary tools in the service of our national purpose.†(Napolitano, 2010, p.iv) In the wake of the September 11th, 2001 attacks our nation has taken upon itself extreme vigilance to ensure the security and defense of the American people. The relationship between homeland security and homeland defense is one that is tightly knit. Each has a very distinct m ission set but somewhere along the spectrum they cross over

Legalizing Marijuana and the Economic Affect free essay sample

The reason for this is due to the fact that there is no unwilling participant and the real reason these acts are illegal is due to an external psychic cost. People in the society do not want to see these acts being committed even though they are not hurting anyone involuntarily; however, as a nation since these acts are not appealing they should remain illegal. Through much research it is proven that legalizing marijuana would actually be a benefit to society through economic gain. Legalizing marijuana would increase tax revenue for states and federal government along with job opportunity for society, would help save money in law enforcement while freeing up prison space, and would expand the use of marijuana medically by making it more affordable for those in need. The prohibition move of marijuana was designed to ban all usages of marijuana in an attempt to help shape society to be drug free. This movement has proven to fail due to the fact that marijuana is just as easily available today as it was when prohibition began (Chimes). By pursuing the idea of prohibition states as well as the federal government will continue to lose drastic amounts of money just to keep marijuana illegal. The federal government has spent a total of $12. 2 billion in methods of fighting the use of marijuana in America alone (Fisk). The prohibitionists which use this money to help fight the use of marijuana tends to often associate drug dealers with violence. Although these two tend to go hand in hand, the reason for this is because of the illegalization of the marijuana. As stated by Boaz, he mentions how drug use is often misconstrued with the cause of violence. â€Å"Drug’s do not cause today’s soaring murder rates,, drugs prohibition does. † Boaz explains how drug laws result in a reduction of supply and increase in price of drugs. In any type of supply reduction and price increase an individual would result to finding alternative ways to reach the price to supply the good which with drugs results to crime, for example property crime(Boaz). (add more bout prohibition) ^ The money being spent on enforcing laws against marijuana has only increased since prohibition. The majority of this money is being spent on incarcerating individuals who have been accused of either using or possessing marijuana. By incarcerating people for this it only takes up jail and prison space which results to overcrowding and the need for expansion or building of new prisons. All of these aspects cause the federal and state government to spend on average about $30 billion a year. Of all the individuals arrested in 2005 for marijuana offenses, 90% of these individuals were arrested for the possession of marijuana; therefore, only 10% of these arrests involved the actual use of marijuana (risk). These dollars being spent on fighting the usage of marijuana are clearly not being used to benefit the economy for multiple reasons. By spending the money to arrest individuals and punish them there has not been any evidence found to prove any deterrence is taking place. If anything there has been a complete opposite movement in society. Thirteen have de-criminized the possession of a small amount of marijuana and fourteen states as well as Washington DC have passed laws to allow Marijuana to be used for medical purposes (CNBC). As more and more states start legalizing marijuana in these ways it begins to send a message across the nation that marijuana is not as bad as prohibition had proposed it to be. The time and money being used to help fight marijuana has proved to be an unsuccessful cost and could be used in more beneficial uses like education or fighting violent crime. By legalizing marijuana the government would be able to save about $7. 7 billion a year (geekpolitics). Not only would law enforcement costs be cut by legalizing marijuana but the government would also receive an increase in tax revenue. If marijuana would be legal it would be sold in the same method as alcohol and cigarettes. This method would allow the government to keep a close watch on the production of the marijuana and control the business cycle of the drug (geek). The legal marijuana would be taxed in the same ways as cigarettes and alcohol and the companies who would produce the product would also be taxed. Licenses for the sale of the legal marijuana would also be applied which would allow tight restrictions on the sale of the drug as well as provide safety. By legalizing marijuana, the government is able to control all aspects of the production and distribution of the drug. Once marijuana would be legal the risk of purchasing the drug that may be laced with other substances would no longer be there because the government would monitor the production. The cost of marijuana would not be much different than the cost of it on the streets because the risk factor of getting caught by the police for obtaining and or possessing the drug would not be needed which increases a drug dealer’s price. Users of marijuana would also be able to purchase the drug in a safe environment without any violence which could easily happen when encountering a dealer. All of these results of legalizing marijuana help increase safety throughout the society. While having this drug legal it would also increase job opportunities as well. Many companies and businesses, which tend to be higher income jobs, provide drug testing for their future or current employers which will decrease the number of marijuana users to be hired or even to apply for such jobs. With laws and regulations of marijuana similar to alcohol usage, the increase of jobs would benefit the economy with the legalization of marijuana. Although mentioning how legalizing marijuana would create a safer environment for these drug users may seem bad because the government would be emphasizing the acceptance of a drug, there are much worse legal substances allowed to citizens right now then marijuana. Dr. Mitch Earleywine, a University of Southern California psychologist, has stated that marijuana has no lethal dose, the serious brain function changes along with liver problems are far worse due to alcohol then from marijuana, and other long term affects of drinking like malnutrition, B-vitamin deficiency, and Korsakoff’s Disorder all appear much more severely than with marijuana if appear at all from it. If marijuana has been proved to be no more dangerous to a user then cigarettes and alcohol, which are legal for US citizens to consume, there is no reason that marijuana should not be legal as well. Another very important reason for legalizing marijuana is for purposes other than consuming it as a drug. One of the most important uses for marijuana is for medical purposes. As of today there are 14 states plus Washington D. C. , as mention above, who have legalized marijuana for medicinal purposes. To aquire approval for medicinal marijuana a doctor must diagnose you with certain illnesses in which marijuana has been proven to help improve the affects of these illnesses. Science has proven that marijuana does in fact increase appetite and with many illnesses, especially those of which the medication is used and affects the patients appetite, it is important for the patient to consume food to help gain strength. (ADD MEDICINE) Although many states have made marijuana legal for medicinal purposes, it is still expensive for the patient to obtain due to the fact that the drug is illegal for non-medicinal purposes. If marijuana was legal throughout the nation, it would be a lot easier for individuals with illnesses to obtain the drug and would be more affordable. Another viable use for marijuana which can help the economy is the production of hemp. Hemp is a very versatile product made from marijuana which can be used to make rope, paper, etc. ( ). With having marijuana legal, hemp would become very easily available and the manufacturing of hemp in many different products would open up many new job opportunities. This type of product would be a complete self sufficient product made by the US because nothing would be needed overseas other exporting the product. This would be a huge economic benefit and would open up more businesses to increase job opportunity.

The Secret Life of Bees (Book Overview) Essays -

The Secret Life of Bees (Book Overview) Ch. 1: -1964 -Lily is 13 going on 14 -lives with father (Terrance Ray aka T. Ray), their black housekeeper and nanny- Rosaleen -mother died when Lily was 4 -live in Sylvan, South Carolina -T. Ray runs a peach farm -Lily helps by selling peaches roadside -not allowed to be social -wears only clothes she sews - men taunt Rosaleen when she goes to vote- spit chewing tobacco on their shoes -men accost Rosaleen and call police -Lily and Rosaleen go to jail Ch. 2 3: -Mr. Avery Gatson , the policeman, drives them to jail - three men wait for them at jail and demand an apology - one hits Rosaleen with a flashlight when she refuses to apologize -T. Ray comes to take Lily out but leaves Rosaleen -Franklin Posey plans to kill Rosaleen -T. Ray scolds Lily, but she says her mom will not let him hurt her -he laughs at her and tells her Deborah had already abandoned her -Lily runs away and goes to the jail, but Brother Gerald picks her up and tells her Rosaleen had been taken to the hospital - three men entered jail and beat her further -visits Rosaleen in hospital -Lily tricks security guard with phone call and slips out hospital with Rosaleen -black man driving truck full of cantaloupe picks them up and drives them withing three miles of Tiburon -gives them cantaloupe for dinner -Lily tells Rosaleen why they are heading to Tiburon and Rosaleen gets upsetaccusing Lily of not taking Rosaleen into account when she ran off -they fight and split apart -later Rosaleen and Lily bathe together in the river - when Lily enters a store, she notices a selection of Black Madonna Honey jarsthey have pictures of the picture from her mother -clerk tells her the maker, August Boatwright, lives on the other side of Tiburon -buys paper to see if disappearance has made the news, but it hasn't Ch. 4 5: -arrive at Boatwright house -Lily lies and tells August that she and Rosaleen have run away because her father died in a tractor accidentshe claims they are headed to Virginia to be with her Aunt Bernie - Rosaleen gets irritated at Lily for lying and acting as if she is not there -August welcomes them -spend a week there -Lily overhears June making comments about her skin color -August runs the bee farm with the help of Zach -television constantly talks about desegregation which makes Lily very self-conscious about her race -August teaches Lily about honey farming -Lily wonders if T. Ray misses her -misses mother - Rosaleen is jealous over all the time Lily is spending with August Ch. 6 7: -tall black man named Neil is June's sweetheart -June refuses to marry him -relaxed into the Boatwright routine but is still nervous when hearing the wail of a siren -Zach makes Lily feel things she had never felt before -Zach wants to be a lawyer -Lily wants to be an English teacher -Lily realizes she has developed romantic feelings for Zach -suspects he feels the same for her - Willifred Marchant town's most prized writer - Rosaleen is moving out to the main house to share a room with May -tells Lily that Rosaleen's presence will make May feel safer -tension between June and Lily continues to grow -Zach brings Lily a notebook for her to use to work on her stories -explains that society will never allow them to be together Ch. 8: -August asks Lily to help her apply the new Black Madonna labels on the honey jars -explains symbolism behind the black Mary -August was never married because she did not want to give up her autonomy -listen to the secret sounds bees make while inside their homes -August tells Lily that they need to have a talk - Zach reports a rumor: a white movie star is coming to town and intends to see a movie with his black girlfriend -Zach goes to drop off honey at Clayton Forrest's office -Lily goes with him -Ms. Lacy, Mr. Forrest's secretary, is surprised that Lily is staying at a black